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·动词不定式 ·it的用法
·状语从句 ·宾语从句
·被动语态 ·定语从句

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聚焦动词不定式
作者:王福新 文章来源:英语辅导报
点击数: 更新时间:2008-8-25 9:27:50
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,通常前面带有小品词to,有时也可以不带to,它可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语,也可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语,有时它还可以构成复合结构,作复合宾语。此次我们主要讲解动词不定式的一些基本用法。

1. 作主语

动词不定式可在句中作主语。例如: To learn English well is very important.

在日常用语中,特别是主语较长而谓语较短时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式放在句末。故上句可以改为: It is very important to learn English well.

2. 作宾语

(1) 在某些及物动词后面作宾语。例如: He wants to join the art club.

只能接不定式作宾语的动词有: want, hope, wish, agree, learn, plan, decide等。

(2) 不定式作宾语,如果其后有补语时,需用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语不定式后置,这样的动词主要有: find, think, make等。例如: We think it impolite to laugh at others.

3. 作宾语补足语

通常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask, tell, get, want, wish, teach, allow等。

注意:

(1)在使役动词(make, let, have)及感官动词(feel, see, watch, hear, notice等)后,用不定式作宾语补足语,但不定式符号to应省略。如: I hear the girl sing the song every day.

(2) help后接不定式作宾补,可以加to, 也可以不加to。例如: I helped him (to) find his lost book.

(3)上述两种类型的句子在变成被动语态时, to必须要加上。例如: The girl is heard to sing the song every day. He was helped to find his lost book by me.

4. 作表语

动词不定式在系动词之后作表语。例如: His job is to drive us to the company safely.

5. 作定语

动词不定式作定语时,位于所修饰的名词或代词之后,它与所修饰的词主要有以下三种关系:

(1) 与被修饰的词有动宾关系。例如: He has a lot of homework to do. 若动词不定式是不及物动词,要加上必要的介词,构成及物动词短语。例如:There is nothing to worry about.

(2) 与被修饰的词有主谓关系。例如: Our moniter is always the first to come and the last to leave.

(3) 与被修饰的词只有修饰关系。例如: I have no time to think about it today.

6. 作状语

动词不定式可以用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等。例如:

We got up early to catch the first train today. (表目的)

The boy is too young to make his own decision. (表结果)

We are very glad to meet you here. (表原因)

【巩固精练】 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. It  will  take  us  more  than two weeks ________ (finish) the work.

2. So much homework makes the students ________ (feel) very tired.

3. When he saw a purse on the ground, he stopped ________ (pick) it up.

4. Her parents tell her ________ (not talk) to strangers.

5. I want ________ (watch) the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

参考答案:1. to finish 2. feel 3. to pick 4. not to talk 5. to watch
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