| 过去完成时解题三要素 |
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作者：姜经志 文章来源：英语辅导报
点击数： 更新时间：2008-9-3 13:49:12 |
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| 寻找过去完成时标志
过去完成时常有下列时态标志：by后接过去时间状语表示到过去某一时刻为止已经完成的动作，在时间上体现“过去的过去”；before接过去时间表示在过去某一时刻之前，因此在时间上它含有“过去的过去”之意；“It was the + 序数词 + time that ...”句型中，that从句应使用过去完成时；“It was + 时间段 + since ...”句型中，since从句应使用过去完成时；另外，when引导的时间状语从句也常用于过去完成时。如：
Mary ________ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
A. has written B. was written
C. had written D. is writing (C)
The students ________ more than 1,000 words by the end of last term.
A. had learned B. learned
C. would learn D. has learned (A)
The soldiers ________ far, when they met with the enemies.
A. haven't gone B. don't go
C. hadn't gone D. wouldn't go (C)
利用标准对照时间点
过去完成时表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已经完成的动作，其标准对照时间点为过去，因此寻找过去对照时间点可以巧解过去完成时。
The price ________, but I doubted whether it would remain (保持) so.
A. went down B. would go down
C. has gone down D. had gone down
析： I doubted体现时间为过去，表示到I doubted时为止价格已经往下降，所以应用过去完成时。故答案是D。
Helen ________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
析： 由had to wait可知，为过去时间， 而海伦将钥匙忘在办公室的动作发生在她等丈夫回家之前，因此该动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故答案是C。
弄清与其他时态的区别
1. 弄清过去完成时与一般过去时的区别。如：
He ________ to Beijing yesterday because he ________ there even once.
A. went; hadn't gone
B. had gone; didn't go
C. had gone; hadn't gone D. went; didn't go
析： yesterday为过去时间状语，第一空应用一般过去时；第二空表示在yesterday之前他没有去过北京，体现“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故答案是A。
He said he usually ________ home once every four weeks.
A. goes B. has gone C. had gone D. went
析： 该句不强调在said之前就已回家，因此不用过去完成时；said和once every four weeks表示该空意在表达过去经常发生或习惯性动作，应用一般过去时。故答案是D。
2. 弄清过去完成时与现在完成时的区别。如：
This was the best book I ________.
A. have ever read B. had ever read
C. read D. have never read
析： was为过去式，因此该空表示到was这一时刻为止我曾经看过的最好的书，应用过去完成时。故答案为B。如果将was改为is, 对照时间点就变为现在时间，应用现在完成时。 |
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