(三)宾语从句知识要点

 A.宾语从句的类型

 宾语从句有以下三类:1)that引导的(由陈述句演变而来);2)if或whether引导的(由一般疑问句演变而来);3)连接代词或副词引导的(由特殊疑问句演变而来)。例如:

 She often says that she likes China and the Chinese food.

 I asked him if he had seen the film before.

 We don't know who took away the umbrella.

 B.宾语从句的语序

 宾语从句的语序为陈述语序(即正常语序),而非疑问语序(即倒装语序),第2)、3)类宾语从句极易出现这类错误。例如:

 [误] She asked me what was my name.

 [正] She asked me what my name was.

 [误] I asked you how many days did you stay there.

 [正] I asked you how many days you stayed there.

 C.宾语从句的时态呼应

 宾语从句的时态通常应与主句时态保持一致,也就是说,当主句时态为一般过去时时,从句的时态应使用相应的过去范畴的时态,如:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时等。

 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.

 He asked the students whether they had finished their homework.

 但若宾语从句表示的是科学道理、客观真理、经常性的习惯动作以及现在依然存在的动作、状态等时,则仍应用现在范畴的时态。例如:

 The teacher told us that the earth is round and that it moves around the sun.老师告诉我们,地球是圆的,它绕着太阳转。

 He said his mother is still in hospital.他说他母亲还在住院。(转述时还在住院)

 D.宾语从句的否定转移

 1.动词think,believe,suppose,expect等后的宾语从句的谓语如果是否定的话,则其否定应转移到主句上来。例如:

 I don't think what he has said is true.我认为他说的不是真的。(我不认为他说的是真的。)

 I didn't exepct he could be back so soon.

 2.主句谓动为think,believe,suppose,expect等表示“看法”、“观点”的动词且主语为第一人称时,复合句的简短问句应与宾语从句的主语和谓语一致,而不是和主句一致。例如:We don't suppose they'll be late,will they? 我们猜测他们不会迟到,他们会吗?

 I don't think she's done her homework,_____ ?

 A.do I B.do you C.has she D.hasn't she (答案为C)