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主谓一致复习“四要点”
作者:秦杰 文章来源:英语辅导报
点击数: 更新时间:2007-8-11 5:25:02
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要点一、谓语动词用单数的情况:

1. 不定式、动名词、名词性从句作主语时;

2. 事件、国名、书名、作品名称作主语时;

3. 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、数字等的名词词组作主语表示总量时;

4. 定语从句中,先行词是the only one (of)...时;

5. 以-ics或-s结尾的表示学科、疾病之类的名词作主语时;

6. a quantity of 其后接名词作主语时;

7. every / each + 单数名词, each... and each..., every... and every..., many a..., more than one... 等作主语时;

8. the number of + 复数名词作主语时;

9. each, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something 等不定代词作主语时。

【考例1】 As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ________ rising these days. (2006全国卷II)

A. was keeping          B. keep

C. keeps                D. were keeping

解析: 答案C。the number of + 复数名词作主语,表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数形式。根据题意,应选C。

【考例2】 A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江苏)

A. is        B. are      C. was    D. were

解析: 答案A。当“名词 + and + 名词”前面只有一个冠词时,表示“一人 / 物”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。根据题意,应选A。

要点二、谓语动词用复数的情况:

1. 由and或both... and... 连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;

2. clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等词作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;

3. quantities of无论其后接单数还是复数名词,谓语动词都用复数;

4. a number of + 复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;

5. people (指人时), police, cattle等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

【考例1】 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. (2005山东)

A. is washing away      B. is being washed away

C. are washing away     D. are being washed away

解析:答案 D。本题考查了两个知识点。其一是主谓一致:quantities of 之后无论接单数还是复数名词,谓语动词都用复数,故排除 A、B项;其二考查了语态,土壤是被冲走的,故选择D。

【考例2】 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ________ in the clothing industry. (2005辽宁)

A. is working  B. works

C. work        D. worked

解析:答案C。a number of 后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。nowadays表明应用一般现在时。

要点三、邻近原则:

1. 由连词or, either... or..., neither... nor..., not     only... but also... 等连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词的数由邻近的名词或代词来决定;

2. 以there 或here开头的句子,谓语动词的数由邻近的名词或代词来决定。

【考例】 Either you or the headmaster ________ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. (1994上海)

A. is handing out          B. are to hand out

C. are handing out         D. is to hand out

解析:答案D。句子的主语部分含有either... or...,其谓语动词的形式应采用就近原则。又因be to do sth.表将来,因此答案为D。

要点四、依照情况而定:

1. 量词后加名词,谓语动词的数由量词的单复数决定;

2. lots of, plenty of等词表示“许多”等概念时,谓语动词的数由of后的名词决定;

3. 集体名词作主语,若表示整体,谓语动词用单数;若表示整体中的各个成员,谓语动词用复数。常见的集体名词有:team, class, army, family, group等;

4. 当主语中心词是all, some, any, enough, most, half, the rest等时,谓语动词要视情况而定;

5. 由下列介词及词组引起的短语作主语的后置定语时,不影响主语的数,如 as well as, with, together with, along with, rather than, including, except, but, besides 等。

【考例1】 Most of what has been said about the Smiths ________ also true of the Johnsons. (2006安徽)

A. are       B. is  

C. being     D. to be

解析:答案 B。句子的主语是most, of后是一个what引导的从句,指的是事情,应该看作是不可数的,所以谓语动词用单数形式。 

【考例2】 The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (2006辽宁)

A. is going      B. go     

C. goes          D. are going

解析:答案C。主语部分是含有as well as的词组构成的,前面是the father,后面是his three children,决定谓语动词形式的应该是the father,所以谓语用单数形式,再根据时间状语确定用一般现在时态。
 
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